New American Standard Bible (NASB) , 1977 text
Bible translation
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The Lockman Foundation, Christian ministry · Lockman translation team · published by The Lockman Foundation
Edition 2020 text , current1995 text , superseded1977 text , superseded
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Fidelity questions are answered by the spec sheet and the Disputes panel below, never by a number.
Spec sheet
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- Made by
The Lockman Foundation, a nonprofit, nondenominational Christian ministry in La Habra, California; it translates and publishes the NASB
Verification pending- Official website
https://bible.lockman.org/
Verification pendingExisting editorial catalog metadata- Languages
English
Verification pendingExisting editorial catalog metadata- Intended audience
- Verification pending Existing editorial catalog metadata
- Full name
New American Standard Bible
Verification pendingExisting editorial catalog metadata- Abbreviation
NASB
Verification pendingExisting editorial catalog metadata- Translation language
English
Verification pendingExisting editorial catalog metadata- Translation approach explanation
"Formal equivalence": the publisher's term for word-for-word translation that follows the word and sentence patterns of the original authors as far as readable English allows
Verification pending- Old Testament textual basis
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and Biblia Hebraica Quinta where available; the Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, Targums and other ancient versions consulted (2020 text)
Verification pending- New Testament textual basis
Nestle-Aland 28th edition, supplemented by the Editio Critica Maior (ECM2) (2020 text)
Verification pending- Canon and included books
Protestant, 66 books
Verification pending- Gender-related language approach
"Gender-accurate", the publisher's term: "and sisters" is added in italics after "brothers" only where the original audience would have understood women to be included; "people" or "person" often replaces "men" or "man" for anthropos; where the original is specifically masculine or feminine it stays so
Verification pending- Copyright and permissions
Copyright 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Up to 1,000 verses may be quoted without written permission if they are under 50 percent of the work and not a complete book
Verification pending- First published
1971, full Bible; updated in 1977, 1995 and 2020; current text 2020
Verification pending
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Original listing evidence
| Fact | Value | Source · fetched |
|---|---|---|
| Made by | The Lockman Foundation, a nonprofit, nondenominational Christian ministry in La Habra, California; it translates and publishes the NASB | Lockman, NASB · Verification pending |
| Translation philosophy | "Formal equivalence": the publisher's term for word-for-word translation that follows the word and sentence patterns of the original authors as far as readable English allows | Lockman, NASB · Verification pending |
| Textual basis, Old Testament | Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and Biblia Hebraica Quinta where available; the Septuagint, Dead Sea Scrolls, Targums and other ancient versions consulted (2020 text) | Lockman, about NASB 2020 · Verification pending |
| Textual basis, New Testament | Nestle-Aland 28th edition, supplemented by the Editio Critica Maior (ECM2) (2020 text) | Lockman, about NASB 2020 · Verification pending |
| Canon | Protestant, 66 books | Bible Gateway, NASB book list · Verification pending |
| Reading grade level | No published figure | Publisher pages checked · not published |
| Gender language | "Gender-accurate", the publisher's term: "and sisters" is added in italics after "brothers" only where the original audience would have understood women to be included; "people" or "person" often replaces "men" or "man" for anthropos; where the original is specifically masculine or feminine it stays so | Lockman, gender-accurate language in the NASB 2020 · Verification pending |
| Committee | Lockman's translation team, named on its site: 12 translators and 9 critical consultants for the 2020 text; 19 translators and 4 critical consultants for 1995; 42 translators for 1977 | Lockman, NASB · Verification pending |
| Licence and quotation | Copyright 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation. Up to 1,000 verses may be quoted without written permission if they are under 50 percent of the work and not a complete book | Lockman, permission to quote · Verification pending |
| First published | 1971, full Bible; updated in 1977, 1995 and 2020; current text 2020 | Lockman, NASB · Verification pending |
What the maker discloses about itself (not a rating): Tradition: clearTextual basis: clearPhilosophy: clearCommittee: clearFunding: partly
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Printed editions
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The Lockman Foundation 2020
Publisher statement
Lockman says the 2020 text is gender-accurate, not gender-neutral: it adds "and sisters" in italics only where it judges the original audience understood women to be included, and keeps specific masculine or feminine terms where the context calls for them.
Disputes and context
EditorialWe describe each dispute, attribute each position, and take no side.
Gender language in the 2020 text
The 2020 text adds “and sisters” in italics after “brothers” in some passages and uses “people” or “person” for some occurrences of anthropos. The Lockman Foundation says these changes are made only where the original audience would have understood women to be included, that the result is gender-accurate rather than gender-neutral, and that some passages now show more clearly that only men are addressed. Lockman keeps the 1995 and 1977 texts in print alongside the 2020 text and describes the three as a family that readers may choose from. We describe the publisher’s account and take no side.
Verses in footnotes
The 2020 text moves most verses that earlier NASB editions printed in brackets, such as Matthew 17:21 and Acts 8:37, to footnotes. Lockman says they are not found in any early manuscript and were added by later copyists, and that keeping them in the text would mislead readers. Readers who hold to the Textus Receptus regard this as an omission.
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The standing questions
Answered from the spec sheet and the positions above, never from the meters.
Is it word for word?
Yes by the publisher’s own description, “formal equivalence”, which it calls the most exacting method of translation. The literal-to-idiomatic meter above shows where readers place its feel.
What text is it based on?
For the 2020 text, Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia and Biblia Hebraica Quinta for the Old Testament, and the Nestle-Aland 28th edition supplemented by the Editio Critica Maior for the New Testament.
Are verses missing?
In the 2020 text most verses that earlier editions printed in brackets, such as Matthew 17:21, are in footnotes, because the NASB follows an eclectic Greek text. The text is complete by its own textual basis. See the disputes panel.
How does it handle gender language?
The 2020 text adds “and sisters” in italics where the publisher judges women were included, and uses “people” or “person” for some occurrences of the Greek anthropos. Where the original is specifically masculine or feminine, the English stays so. The 1995 text does not make these changes.
Which text do most printings carry?
Lockman sells the 2020, 1995 and 1977 texts side by side; the copyright notice on the title page names the edition.
Who translated it?
Teams of scholars employed by The Lockman Foundation, named on its site: 42 translators for 1977, 19 translators and 4 consultants for 1995, and 12 translators and 9 consultants for 2020.